Common Side Effects of GLP-1s: A Comprehensive Guide

The Editor
Jun 29
5 min read

Disclaimer: The content provided by Jurni GLP is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Individual experiences with GLP-1 medications may vary. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider before making any medical decisions or starting any new treatment.

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GLP-1 medications like Ozempic®, Wegovy®, and Mounjaro® have become game-changers for individuals managing weight and blood sugar levels. Their ability to aid weight loss, regulate appetite, and control glucose has positively altered countless lives. However, like any medication, GLP-1 receptor agonists come with potential side effects. Understanding these side effects is key to minimizing discomfort and staying on track toward your health goals.

At Jurni GLP, we’re here to empower you with clear, actionable information. Whether you’re just starting your GLP-1 journey or fine-tuning your routine, this guide will provide all the insights you need to manage and adapt to potential side effects effectively.

Why Side Effects Happen

GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) medications work by mimicking the GLP-1 hormone naturally produced in the gut. This hormone slows digestion, regulates appetite, and assists in blood sugar control, which helps with weight management and metabolic health. While highly effective, the physiological changes brought on by GLP-1 medications can temporarily or persistently cause some side effects.

Most of these side effects are manageable and tend to subside as your body adjusts to the medication. Knowing what to expect and how to mitigate discomfort can make this process much smoother.

What Are the Most Common Side Effects?

Here’s a breakdown of the primary side effects experienced by GLP-1 users, why they occur, and how to manage them effectively.

1. Nausea

Why It Happens: Nausea is the most frequently reported side effect of GLP-1 medications. Because these drugs slow stomach emptying (a process called gastric emptying), some users experience a sensation of fullness or queasiness, particularly after meals or when starting treatment.

How to Manage Nausea:

Start Slow: Your healthcare provider will likely begin with a low dose and gradually increase it to help your body adapt. If your nausea persists, communicate with your provider about adjusting your medication schedule.
Eat Smaller, More Frequent Meals: Overeating may exacerbate nausea. Choose light, balanced meals spread throughout the day.
Stick to Nausea-Relieving Foods: Ginger tea, crackers, and bananas are gentle on the stomach and can help ease discomfort.
Timing is Everything: Experiment with taking your medication around meals. For some, taking it after eating may reduce nausea.

Pro Tip: Keep ginger chews or peppermint tea on hand for quick relief.

2. Vomiting

Why It Happens: Severe nausea can sometimes lead to vomiting. It’s more common if dosage increases happen too quickly or if your stomach is particularly sensitive to the medication’s effects.

How to Manage Vomiting:

Stay hydrated with small sips of water or electrolyte solutions to replace lost fluids.
Focus on bland foods like toast or rice once you can eat again.
Talk to your healthcare provider if vomiting persists—it may indicate that your dosage needs adjusting.

3. Diarrhea

Why It Happens: GLP-1s can speed up intestinal transit in some individuals, leading to diarrhea. This can happen during the initial adjustment period or after dose increases.

How to Manage Diarrhea:

Hydrate, Hydrate, Hydrate: Dehydration from diarrhea can worsen symptoms. Keep an electrolyte drink nearby to replace essential fluids and minerals.
Adjust Fiber Intake: Balance your diet with soluble fibers, such as oatmeal or bananas, which can help firm stools. Avoid excess insoluble fiber, which may worsen symptoms.
Be Patient: This side effect usually resolves on its own after a few days as your gut adjusts.

4. Constipation

Why It Happens: Conversely, slowed gastric emptying can cause constipation in some users. This is another gastrointestinal side effect that often improves over time.

How to Manage Constipation:

Increase Water Intake: Staying hydrated helps soften stools, making them easier to pass.
Boost Fiber Gradually: Foods like flaxseeds, chia seeds, and leafy greens can promote regular bowel movements. However, avoid sudden or excessive fiber intake, as it could exacerbate discomfort.
Stay Active: Light physical activity, like walking, can encourage bowel movement.

Pro Tip: If dietary changes don’t help, ask your doctor about adding a gentle stool softener or fiber supplement like psyllium husk to your routine.

5. Loss of Appetite

Why It Happens: By design, GLP-1 medications suppress appetite to help with weight loss. While this can be a benefit, it may also result in undereating, leading to fatigue or nutrient deficiencies.

How to Navigate Loss of Appetite:

Prioritize Nutrient-Dense Foods: Use your smaller meals to maximize nutrient intake. Focus on proteins, healthy fats, and colorful veggies.
Try Smoothies: If solid food feels unappealing, a nutrient-packed smoothie may be easier to digest. Throw in ingredients like Greek yogurt, spinach, and almond butter for a balanced drink.
Track Your Intake: Apps like MyFitnessPal® can help you ensure you’re meeting your nutritional needs without overloading on calories.

6. Heartburn

Why It Happens: Some individuals notice acid reflux or heartburn while on GLP-1s. This may be related to slowed stomach motility, which can cause stomach acids to build up.

How to Manage Heartburn:

Avoid lying down immediately after meals. Stay upright to give your stomach time to digest.
Limit spicy, acidic, or fatty meals that could trigger reflux.
Speak with your doctor about the potential use of over-the-counter antacids, if necessary.

7. Injection Site Reactions

Why It Happens: When administering weekly injections, redness, swelling, or mild discomfort at the injection site is not uncommon.

How to Reduce Injection Site Reactions:

Alternate Injection Sites: Rotate between different areas (e.g., abdomen, thigh, upper arm) to prevent irritation.
Follow Instructions Carefully: Use the correct injection technique and ensure the skin is clean to minimize risk.
Apply a Cold Pack Post-Injection: Cooling the area may ease redness or swelling.

8. Fatigue

Why It Happens: GLP-1s can make some users feel more tired than usual, likely due to appetite suppression or an adjustment in energy levels while on the medication.

How to Manage Fatigue:

Optimize Nutrition: Protein-rich snacks combined with complex carbohydrates can help balance energy throughout the day.
Rest Strategically: Prioritize high-quality sleep and incorporate short naps if needed.
Stay Active: While counterintuitive, regular movement often combats fatigue. Opt for light activities like walking or stretching.

How Long Do Side Effects Last?

For most users, side effects are temporary and improve as the body adjusts to the medication. Here’s when you can expect relief:

Nausea and Vomiting: Typically decrease within the first 2-4 weeks.
Diarrhea and Constipation: Most users find these issues resolve within a few weeks.
Injection Site Reactions: Often subside within hours to a day.
Loss of Appetite and Fatigue: These may persist longer but typically become less noticeable with time.

If side effects continue to disrupt daily life, be sure to consult your healthcare provider about potential solutions.

When to Contact Your Healthcare Provider

While most side effects are mild and improve with time, it’s important to stay in close communication with your doctor. Seek guidance if you experience any of the following:

Severe nausea or vomiting that leads to dehydration.
Prolonged diarrhea or constipation unresponsive to dietary changes.
Symptoms interfering with your ability to eat, sleep, or move normally.
Any unusual symptoms, such as difficulty breathing or swelling.

The Takeaway

Side effects are often an expected part of starting or adjusting GLP-1 medications. However, with a little patience, practical strategies, and open communication with your healthcare provider, you can minimize discomfort and focus on the positive changes these medications bring to your health.

At Jurni GLP, our mission is to empower you with the best resources and tools. Managing side effects is just one step toward the bigger picture of achieving your wellness goals. Together, we’ll help you stay informed, inspired, and supported every step of the way.